Sources and verification

Sources consulted

• Canfield (solitaire) (new tab) (Wikipedia (in English)): standard rules (13-card reserve, base card, four columns, king-to-ace wrap), English name Demon, first mention in 1891, casino version at 52 dollars per deck and 5 dollars per card
• Richard A. Canfield (new tab) (Wikipedia (in English)): the casino owner who gave the game its name in the United States
• Patience (jeu) (new tab) (Wikipédia): French names for these single-player card games (patience, réussite) and vocabulary (talon, pioche)

Links consulted on October 30, 2026. The rules described on this site are first and foremost those of the Canfield Solitaire app, as read from its code.

How the examples are verified

Before each publication, a program checks the 4 example deals and every number on the site:

• the deal is recomputed from its game code, with the same shuffle as the app, and compared with the one produced by the app's code;
• 52 cards, all different: 13 in the reserve, 1 base card, 4 columns of one card each, 34 cards in the stock;
• every move of the games is replayed and must be allowed by the app's rules; the game must end in a win;
• the score, the number of actions, draws, recycles, and columns filled from the reserve are recomputed and compared with those of the app;
• the rules cited (reserve, starting rank, ace-to-king wrap, empty column, stock, scoring) are re-read in the app's code.

Strategy tips are presented as tips, separate from the rules. Figures taken from the literature are attributed to their source and do not describe the app. Found a mistake? Write to us via the contact page.